護理師向個案說明大腸癌的二級預防。應建議執行哪項篩檢？
A nurse is teaching a client about secondary prevention of colon cancer. Which screening test should the nurse recommend?
- AFecal immunochemical test (FIT) annually✓ 正解每年進行糞便免疫化學測試（FIT）
- BSerum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test血清癌胚抗原（CEA）測試
- CAnnual digital rectal exam only僅每年進行數位肛門指診
- DAbdominal ultrasound every 5 years每五年進行腹部超音波檢查
大腸癌的二級預防（Secondary prevention）的核心在於透過篩檢（Screening）早期偵測無症狀病灶，以利早期介入治療。糞便免疫化學檢查（FIT）是目前臨床公認的非侵入性篩檢標準，能有效偵測下消化道微量出血，對於降低大腸癌死亡率具實證支持。臨床思路應優先考慮證據等級高且具成本效益的檢查。
The core of secondary prevention for colorectal cancer is screening to detect asymptomatic lesions early so that intervention can be initiated. The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is the currently accepted clinical standard for non-invasive screening, can effectively detect minute lower gastrointestinal bleeding, and is supported by evidence to reduce colorectal cancer mortality. Clinical reasoning should favor high-evidence and cost-effective tests.
美國預防服務工作小組（USPSTF）針對大腸癌篩檢有明確指引，FIT 每年一次是常見選擇。台灣健保則針對 50-74 歲民眾提供每兩年一次的定量免疫法糞便潛血檢查（iFOBT）。