— 安全與感染控制 · EASY · SATA —
哪些病人需要採取嚴格的空氣預防措施?(選所有適合的)
Which clients require strict airborne precautions? (Select all that apply.)
- AA client with active pulmonary tuberculosis✓ 正解活動性肺結核病患
- BA client with measles (rubeola)✓ 正解麻疹病患
- CA client with influenza流感病患
- DA client with disseminated herpes zoster✓ 正解播散性帶狀皰疹病患
- EA client with varicella (chickenpox)✓ 正解水痘病患
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
空氣預防措施(Airborne Precautions)適用於病原體透過小於 5 微米的懸浮微粒傳播,可隨氣流長距離飄散。護理重點包括將病人安置於負壓隔離病房(Negative Pressure Room),且進入病室者必須配戴 N95 口罩。本題核心在於區分空氣傳播與飛沫傳播的病原體,前者需嚴格隔離,後者則採取飛沫預防措施。
Airborne precautions are required for pathogens transmitted by small particles that remain suspended in the air, including active pulmonary tuberculosis, measles, disseminated herpes zoster, and varicella. These conditions require placement in a negative-pressure room and the use of N95 respirators by healthcare personnel.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 CDC 針對空氣傳播隔離標準極為嚴謹。在台灣,負壓病房資源有限,但在 NCLEX 考試中,必須嚴守 CDC 指南:只要是空氣傳播疾病,負壓隔離病房與 N95 口罩是標準配備。