護理師諮詢一位想戒菸的病人。下列哪項介入最能提高長期成功率？
A nurse is counseling a patient who wants to stop smoking. Which intervention is most likely to improve long-term success?
- ACombining pharmacotherapy with behavioral counseling✓ 正解結合藥物治療與行為諮商
- BFocusing only on the negative health outcomes of smoking僅著重於吸菸的負面健康結果
- CSuggesting that the client just cut back slowly建議病人慢慢減少吸菸量
- DTelling the client to stop "cold turkey"告訴病人要「徹底戒除」
戒菸屬於行為改變過程，單靠個人意志力（Cold turkey）的長期成功率極低。臨床實證顯示，藥物治療（Pharmacotherapy，如尼古丁貼片、口香糖或 Varenicline）能有效緩解戒斷症狀，而行為諮商（Behavioral counseling）則能協助病人辨識吸菸觸發因子（triggers）並建立應對機制。兩者結合（Multimodal approach）能產生加乘效果，是目前美國臨床指引（Clinical Practice Guidelines）推薦的黃金標準。
Clinical guidelines recommend a multimodal approach combining pharmacotherapy and behavioral counseling for smoking cessation. This strategy addresses both physical withdrawal symptoms and psychological triggers, significantly improving long-term success rates compared to willpower alone.
美國醫保（如 Medicare/Medicaid）對戒菸輔導的給付非常明確，護理師在臨床中常需協助進行 5A 評估（Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange），並常結合電子健康紀錄（EHR）自動轉介至戒菸熱線。