— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師準備給予病人靜脈注射氯化鉀 20 mEq。護理師首要採取哪項行動？
A nurse is preparing to administer IV potassium chloride (KCl) 20 mEq to a client. Which action is the priority for the nurse?
- AAssess the IV site for signs of infiltration評估靜脈注射部位是否有滲漏跡象
- BCheck for urinary output of at least 30 mL/hr✓ 正解確認尿液輸出量至少為 30 mL/hr
- CObtain a baseline serum potassium level取得基礎血清鉀離子濃度
- DVerify the concentration and infusion rate驗證濃度與輸注速率
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鉀離子（Potassium）主要經由腎臟排泄。在給予靜脈注射氯化鉀（KCl）前，護理師必須確認病人具備足夠的腎功能，通常以尿量每小時至少 30 mL 為指標。若病人無尿或少尿，注射鉀離子將導致血鉀迅速飆升，引發致命的心律不整（Arrhythmias）。這是給藥安全中最核心的生理評估，必須優先於其他操作。
Potassium is primarily excreted by the kidneys, making adequate renal function essential for safe administration of IV potassium chloride. The nurse must verify a urine output of at least 30 mL/hr to ensure the client can eliminate excess potassium and prevent life-threatening hyperkalemia. This physiological assessment takes priority over checking the IV site or verifying infusion rates.