— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師為高血壓病史的客戶進行出院衛教。為改善長期健康預後，護理師應強調哪些生活型態調整？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client with a history of hypertension. Which lifestyle modifications should the nurse emphasize to improve long-term health outcomes? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdopt the DASH eating plan✓ 正解採用 DASH 飲食計畫
- BLimit alcohol consumption to moderate levels✓ 正解將酒精攝取量限制在適度範圍
- CIncrease dietary potassium intake unless contraindicated✓ 正解除非有禁忌症，否則增加膳食鉀攝取量
- DEngage in daily smoking cessation support if a smoker✓ 正解若是吸菸者，參與每日的戒菸支持
- EMaintain a body mass index between 18.5 and 24.9✓ 正解將身體質量指數（BMI）維持在 18.5 至 24.9 之間
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高血壓管理的核心在於生活型態的改變。DASH 飲食強調低鈉高鉀蔬果攝取，對血壓控制極佳。適量飲酒、戒菸、維持理想 BMI 與增加鉀攝取均有助於血管健康。這些措施皆是為了降低心血管併發症的風險，需衛教客戶長期執行以維持血壓穩定。
Hypertension management hinges on lifestyle modification. The DASH eating plan emphasizes low sodium and high potassium intake with fruits and vegetables—excellent for BP control. Moderate alcohol, smoking cessation, ideal BMI, and adequate potassium support vascular health. These measures collectively reduce cardiovascular complications and should be sustained long-term.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國非常強調 DASH 飲食之執行細節，台灣健保給付下的衛教則多由衛教師依據營養師菜單介入。