— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師應採取哪些措施以預防醫療照護相關感染（HAIs）？（選所有適合的）
Which actions should the nurse perform to prevent health care-associated infections (HAIs)? (Select all that apply.)
- APerform hand hygiene before and after client contact✓ 正解在接觸客戶前後執行手部衛生
- BUse sterile technique for dressing changes on central lines✓ 正解對中央靜脈導管進行無菌技術敷料更換
- CRecap used needles before disposal丟棄前回套使用過的針頭
- DKeep the head of the bed elevated for tube-fed clients✓ 正解維持管灌病人床頭抬高
- EDiscard unused supplies left in the room upon discharge✓ 正解出院時丟棄房間內未使用的供應品
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
HAIs 的預防核心在於手部衛生、無菌技術與環境監控。管路護理（如中央靜脈導管）需嚴格執行無菌操作，預防導管相關血液感染；床頭抬高可減少吸入性肺炎；棄置病房殘餘物可防止環境污染。禁止回套針頭以防針扎。
Hand hygiene is the single most effective method for preventing healthcare-associated infections. Sterile technique for central line dressing changes minimizes contamination risk, while elevating the head of the bed helps prevent aspiration in tube-fed clients. Additionally, discarding unused supplies upon discharge breaks the chain of infection by removing potential reservoirs of pathogens.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣醫院感染控制規範非常嚴謹，與美國 CDC 指引高度同步，皆強調針扎預防與無菌原則。