— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師在第一孕期為孕婦進行衛教。為了預防神經管缺陷，護理師應強調哪項營養攝取？
A nurse is educating a pregnant woman during her first trimester. Which nutritional intervention should the nurse emphasize to prevent neural tube defects?
- AAvoid all dairy products避免所有乳製品
- BConsume at least 400 mcg of folic acid daily✓ 正解每日攝取至少 400 mcg 的葉酸
- CLimit vitamin D supplementation限制維生素 D 的補充
- DIncrease intake of iron-rich foods增加富含鐵質食物的攝取
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
葉酸對胎兒神經發育至關重要，攝取不足會導致脊柱裂等神經管缺陷。建議育齡女性及孕婦每日攝取 400-800 微克葉酸。鐵質（D）雖重要但預防的是貧血；維生素 D（C）對骨骼發育有益，不應限制；乳製品（A）是鈣質來源，非預防神經管缺陷的關鍵。
Consuming at least 400 mcg of folic acid daily is essential during the first trimester to support proper fetal neural tube closure and prevent defects such as spina bifida. While iron and vitamin D are important for overall pregnancy health, they do not specifically address neural tube development.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩國產前衛教皆高度重視葉酸補充，台灣國民健康署亦大力推動孕期葉酸營養衛教。