護理師評估一位有呼吸窘迫的病人,應優先採取何種措施?
A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing respiratory distress. Which intervention should be implemented first?
- AObtain a chest X-ray.安排胸部X光檢查
- BPlace the client in a semi-Fowler's or high-Fowler's position.✓ 正解將病人置於半坐臥位或高坐臥位
- CAdminister prescribed bronchodilators.給予處方支氣管擴張劑
- DNotify the respiratory therapist.通知呼吸治療師
呼吸窘迫(respiratory distress)是一種危及生命的緊急情況,需要護理師迅速評估並採取優先措施。根據 ABC 原則(Airway, Breathing, Circulation),呼吸是首要考量。正確答案 B 指出「將病人置於半坐臥或高坐臥(semi-Fowler's or high-Fowler's position)」,這是一種簡單但極為有效的介入措施。這種姿勢有助於利用重力,使橫膈膜下降,擴張胸腔,減少呼吸功,從而改善通氣。這是在給予藥物或進行其他檢查前,可以立即執行的緩解措施。選項 C(給予支氣管擴張劑)和 D(通知呼吸治療師)是重要的後續步驟,但需要病人能順利給藥和溝通。選項 A(安排胸部 X 光)是診斷工具,但非立即的治療措施。
According to the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) framework, improving ventilation is the immediate priority for a client in respiratory distress. Placing the client in a semi-Fowler’s or high-Fowler’s position utilizes gravity to lower the diaphragm and expand the chest cavity, facilitating easier breathing before other interventions are performed.
無顯著差異。處理呼吸窘迫的優先順序(ABC 原則)和姿勢擺位的臨床應用,在台灣與美國的急重症照護中是相同的。將病人置於坐臥或半坐臥是標準的首要介入措施。