Nurslix
— 降低風險 · MCQ —

一位患有嚴重肝硬化的50歲男性在接受了超音波導引的經皮肝臟切片檢查後,最近剛被送回內科病房。個案意識清楚並若無其事地問護理師:「那個針戳下去的地方真的好痠。我可不可下床走動伸展一下我的腿,或者是平躺並把四肢攤開成大字型,這樣才能好好放鬆?」為了激進地減少與此『特定手術』最致命併發症相關的風險潛力,護理師必須強硬執行哪項強制的生理姿勢介入?

A 50-year-old male with severe liver cirrhosis recently returned to the medical floor after undergoing a percutaneous liver biopsy driven by an ultrasound-guided needle. The client is alert and casually asks the nurse, "That needle puncture really aches. Can I get up and stretch my legs, or maybe sprawl out flat on my back to properly relax?" To radically reduce the potential for the most lethal complication associated with this specific procedure, which mandatory physiological positioning must the nurse robustly enforce?

  • AAbsolutely mandate the client heavily lie securely on his right side (right lateral position) with a small pillow tightly wedged underneath his right costal margin.絕對要求患者穩固地採取右側臥位(右外側臥位),並在右肋緣下方緊密墊入小枕頭。正確答案
  • BRoutinely position the client into a high-Fowler's seated posture so that gravity intensely drains the internal fluids effectively to the deep pelvis.常規將患者置於高坐臥位,以便利用重力將內部液體有效引流至盆腔深處。
  • CEncourage the client to ambulate strictly within the room room every hour so that blood clots swiftly mobilize instead of deeply forming internally.鼓勵患者每小時在病房內嚴格行走,以促進血栓迅速移動,避免其在體內深處形成。
  • DForcefully place the client in the left Sims' position specifically to physically divert dominant blood flow away from the portal vein and into the right ventricle.強制將患者置於左側斯氏體位,具體目的是物理性地將主導血流從門靜脈分流至右心室。
— Answer · 正確答案 —
  • A絕對要求患者穩固地採取右側臥位(右外側臥位),並在右肋緣下方緊密墊入小枕頭。
— Why · 為什麼是這個答案 —

肝臟切片後最需防範的併發症是無法控制的內出血。肝臟是血流極為豐富的器官,位於右上腹,而肝硬化病人本身多有凝血因子不足與血小板低下,出血風險更高;穿刺拔針後無法以手指直接壓迫深部臟器的傷口。 因此標準做法是讓病人採右側臥(Right lateral position),並在右側肋緣下方墊小枕頭或捲起的毛巾,利用病人自身體重對穿刺部位施加持續壓迫以達止血效果(即 splinting the puncture site),此姿勢一般須維持 2 至 4 小時,之後再依醫囑臥床休息,故選項 A 正確。 選項 B 高坐臥位使肝臟不受壓迫,穿刺部位失去止血壓力,亦不利於觀察出血徵象。選項 D 左側臥使右側肝臟懸空,同樣無法壓迫穿刺部位;其所稱「將血流由門靜脈導向右心室」並無此生理機轉。選項 C 在出血風險最高的術後初期鼓勵下床活動,會增加穿刺部位再出血的機會;術後應臥床休息,並密切監測生命徵象、腹痛與血比容變化。

— Options · 其他選項為什麼不對 —
  • A · 正確答案絕對要求患者穩固地採取右側臥位(右外側臥位),並在右肋緣下方緊密墊入小枕頭。

    肝臟在解剖學上沈重地位於右側。將病患安穩地置於右側躺,利用了他自身的龐大體重在物理上殘暴地壓迫穿刺洞口,有效阻擋了致命的內部大出血。

  • B常規將患者置於高坐臥位,以便利用重力將內部液體有效引流至盆腔深處。

    將病患直立坐起徹底消滅了在穿刺部位所需、關鍵且局部的夾板壓迫力,使得富含血管的肝臟會在內部狂暴地大出血。

  • C鼓勵患者每小時在病房內嚴格行走,以促進血栓迅速移動,避免其在體內深處形成。

    主動走動會強制升高全身血壓,並猛烈破壞剛被穿刺的內部器官上所必需形成的凝血塊,招致立即的出血災難。

  • D強制將患者置於左側斯氏體位,具體目的是物理性地將主導血流從門靜脈分流至右心室。

    相反地向左躺主動解除了夾板壓迫並將右側肝臟完全暴露於強烈的重力拉扯下,這不但沒有止血,反而直接保證了災難級的內出血。

✦ 台美臨床差異

「肝臟切片 (Liver Biopsy) = 向右側躺 (Right-side lying) 以自體重壓迫止血」。這不只在醫療實務是不變的安全教條,也是考驗護理師對「肝臟在右上方解剖位置」與「物理壓迫止血法」連結的超經典國考題。

English explanation

After a percutaneous liver biopsy, the client must lie on their right side with a small pillow under the right costal margin to apply direct pressure to the puncture site and prevent hemorrhage. Since the liver is located in the right upper quadrant, this position uses the client's body weight to splint the area and promote clotting. Ambulation or positioning on the left side would remove this critical pressure and increase the risk of life-threatening internal bleeding.

最近修訂:2026-10-06

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