— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · SATA —
12 歲病人該進行接種疫苗。下列哪些是 CDC 建議該年齡層施打的?(選所有適合的)
A 12-year-old patient is due for vaccinations. Which are recommended by CDC for this age group? (Select all that apply.)
- AMeningococcal vaccine✓ 正解腦膜炎雙球菌疫苗
- BHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine✓ 正解人類乳突病毒 (HPV) 疫苗
- CTdap vaccine✓ 正解Tdap 疫苗
- DRotavirus vaccine輪狀病毒疫苗
- EBCG vaccine卡介苗 (BCG)
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
美國疾病管制與預防中心(CDC)針對青少年(11-12 歲)有明確的免疫接種時程表,目標在於提升青春期後期的群體免疫力。此時期的建議疫苗包括腦膜炎雙球菌、HPV 及 TDAP 加強針。護理師必須熟悉 CDC 的年度更新指引,這不僅是考試重點,也是臨床執行「健康促進(Health Promotion)」的基本職責。
For a client with generalized anxiety disorder, the priority intervention is encouraging deep breathing exercises to stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system and promote immediate relaxation. While support groups and education are useful long-term, they do not address acute physiological anxiety. Medication is secondary to non-pharmacological techniques in initial management.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣與美國的疫苗接種政策存在顯著差異,例如 BCG 疫苗在台灣為新生兒常規,但在美國則否。考生需特別熟記 CDC 的 schedule,而非台灣健保的時程。