— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · EASY · MCQ —
病人服用呋塞米（furosemide）40mg 每日一次治療高血壓。護理師應監測哪項評估結果最為關鍵？
A client is prescribed furosemide 40 mg PO daily for hypertension. What assessment finding is most important for the nurse to monitor?
- ASerum sodium level血清鈉濃度
- BBlood glucose level血糖濃度
- CRespiratory rate呼吸速率
- DSerum potassium level✓ 正解血清鉀濃度
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Furosemide 屬於環利尿劑（Loop diuretic），其作用機轉是抑制亨利氏環（Loop of Henle）對鈉、氯及鉀離子的再吸收。臨床上長期使用會導致尿中鉀離子排出過多，引發低血鉀症（Hypokalemia）。低血鉀會增加心肌對毛地黃類藥物的敏感度，並可能導致致命性的心律不整。因此，監測血鉀濃度是使用此類藥物病人最關鍵的護理評估。
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle, leading to significant potassium excretion and an increased risk of hypokalemia. Monitoring serum potassium levels is the most important assessment because low potassium can predispose the client to fatal cardiac dysrhythmias. While hyponatremia is possible, hypokalemia is a more frequent and dangerous side effect of this medication class.