— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ —
一位 50 歲個案對罹患乳癌感到擔憂。下列何者被視為乳癌的「非變更性」危險因子？
A 50-year-old client is concerned about the risk of breast cancer. Which of the following is considered a non-modifiable risk factor for breast cancer?
- ABody mass index (BMI) of 32身體質量指數（BMI）為 32
- BFamily history of breast cancer in a first-degree relative✓ 正解一親屬中有乳癌家族史
- CLack of regular physical activity缺乏規律的身體活動
- DHigh alcohol consumption高酒精攝取量
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
非變更性危險因子（Non-modifiable risk factors）是指個案無法自行改變的因素，例如遺傳、性別、年齡、種族與家族史。家族史屬於遺傳基因相關，無法透過調整生活型態改變；BMI、飲酒與運動習慣則屬於可變更的因素。
Family history is a genetic factor that cannot be changed, making it a non-modifiable risk factor. In contrast, BMI, physical activity levels, and alcohol consumption are lifestyle choices that can be modified to reduce risk.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩國對於乳癌衛教均強調家族史詢問與定期篩檢，衛教內容與觀念基本一致。