— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · SATA —
護理師在社區進行皮膚癌初級預防衛教，下列何者應包含在指導內容中？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a community group about primary prevention of skin cancer. Which of the following should be included in the instructions? (Select all that apply.)
- AApply broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher✓ 正解塗抹 SPF 30 或以上之廣效型防曬乳
- BAvoid tanning beds and sunlamps✓ 正解避免使用美黑床與日光燈
- CWear protective clothing, including wide-brimmed hats✓ 正解穿著防護衣物，包括寬邊帽
- DPerform self-skin examinations only once a year每年僅進行一次自我皮膚檢查
- ELimit sun exposure between 10 AM and 4 PM✓ 正解限制上午 10 點至下午 4 點的日照暴露
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
初級預防（Primary Prevention）旨在於疾病發生前採取行動，降低風險因素。對於皮膚癌而言，防曬（使用 SPF 30 以上防曬乳）、避開紫外線最強時段（10 AM–4 PM）、穿著物理防護衣物以及避免人工紫外線曝曬（如美黑床）是關鍵的生活型態改變。這些措施能有效減少長期紫外線曝曬對 DNA 的損傷，從而降低皮膚癌風險。
Primary prevention targets lifestyle and behavior changes before disease develops. For skin cancer this includes broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen, avoiding peak UV hours (10 AM–4 PM), wearing protective clothing including wide-brimmed hats, and avoiding tanning beds. Monthly skin self-examination is secondary prevention (early detection); annual exams are insufficient frequency.