— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · SATA —
護理師照顧高齡長者，在衛教安全時應考慮哪些老化相關生理變化？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for an older adult client. Which age-related changes should the nurse consider when teaching about safety? (Select all that apply.)
- ADecreased visual acuity✓ 正解視力敏銳度下降
- BIncreased sensitivity to glare✓ 正解對眩光的敏感性增加
- CDiminished ability to hear high-frequency sounds✓ 正解聆聽高頻聲音的能力減弱
- DReduced deep tendon reflexes✓ 正解深部肌腱反射減弱
- EIncreased muscle mass and agility肌肉質量與靈活性增加
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高齡長者的安全衛教必須考量生理老化帶來的感官與神經系統變化。視力減退與強光敏感度（glare sensitivity）會影響長者對環境障礙物的判斷，特別是在光線明暗變化劇烈時。聽力對高頻率聲音的喪失會影響溝通與對警示音的感知。神經反射減慢則會導致平衡能力下降，增加跌倒風險。護理師應針對這些變化，建議長者改善居家照明、使用助聽器、移除障礙物，並強調緩慢變換姿勢以適應平衡力下降。
Age-related sensory and neurological declines significantly increase fall risk in older adults. Decreased visual acuity and glare sensitivity impair environmental judgment, while diminished high-frequency hearing limits awareness of safety warnings. Additionally, reduced deep tendon reflexes delay balance recovery, necessitating interventions like improved lighting and slow posture changes.