— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師與一位成人討論疫苗接種指引。65 歲的老年人建議接種哪種疫苗?
A nurse is discussing immunization guidelines with an adult. Which vaccine should be recommended for a 65-year-old?
- APneumococcal vaccine✓ 正解肺炎球菌疫苗
- BHPV vaccine人類乳突病毒 (HPV) 疫苗
- CHepatitis B vaccine only if traveling僅在旅行時接種 B 型肝炎疫苗
- DRotavirus vaccine輪狀病毒疫苗
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
針對 65 歲以上老年人,免疫功能隨年齡增長而逐漸衰退,導致罹患侵襲性肺炎球菌感染(Invasive Pneumococcal Disease)的風險大幅提升。根據 CDC 預防接種諮詢委員會(ACIP)建議,該族群應接種肺炎球菌疫苗以增強防護力。此題考驗對成人預防保健疫苗接種指引的熟悉度,優先考慮高齡族群的感染預防需求。
Adults aged 65 and older have an increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease due to age-related immune decline. Current guidelines recommend pneumococcal vaccination for this population to enhance protection against serious infections, whereas other listed vaccines are targeted at different age groups or specific risk factors.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 ACIP 對 65 歲以上肺炎球菌疫苗(如 PCV20 或 PCV15+PPSV23)的更新極為頻繁。台灣衛福部針對長者亦提供公費肺炎鏈球菌疫苗,但兩地在疫苗類型(結合型 vs 多醣體)的建議時程上可能存在細微差異,建議考生以 NCLEX 考試當下之 CDC 指引為準。