— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位 55 歲個案詢問篩檢建議，護理師應優先建議哪項大腸癌篩檢項目？
A 55-year-old client is asking about recommended screenings. Which of the following tests should the nurse prioritize for colorectal cancer?
- ASerum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test血清癌胚抗原（CEA）檢測
- BAnnual digital rectal exam每年進行數位直腸檢查
- CAbdominal ultrasound腹部超音波
- DColonoscopy every 10 years✓ 正解每 10 年進行一次大腸鏡檢查
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
針對 55 歲的一般風險個案，大腸癌篩檢的黃金標準是每 10 年執行一次大腸鏡（Colonoscopy）。大腸鏡不僅具備高度靈敏度，還能直接切除癌前息肉（Polypectomy），兼具篩檢與治療功能。其他選項如直腸指診（DRE）準確度遠低於大腸鏡，CEA 為腫瘤標記，僅用於已確診者的監測，而非篩檢。
For an average-risk 55-year-old client, colonoscopy every 10 years is the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening because it allows for direct visualization and removal of precancerous polyps. Other methods like the CEA test are used for monitoring existing cancer rather than screening, and digital rectal exams lack the sensitivity to detect early-stage lesions effectively.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國預防服務工作小組（USPSTF）目前建議大腸癌篩檢起始年齡從 50 歲下修至 45 歲，護理師需留意最新指引。